¹ {‘called’ is the same Greek word as ‘invited’ in all instances within the MLV.} Paul, bondservant of Jesus Christ, a called apostle, who was separated$ to the good-news of God,

² which he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures,

³ concerning his Son (who was born from the seed of David according-to the flesh,

⁴ who was determined to be the Son of God in power, according-to the spirit of holiness, out-of the resurrection of the dead), Jesus Christ our Lord.

⁵ Through whom, we received grace and apostleship, for$ the obedience of the faith in all the nations, on behalf of his name;

⁶ among which nations you° are also called of Jesus Christ.

⁷ To all the ones who are in Rome, beloved of God, called holy-ones: grace to you° and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

⁸ First indeed, I am giving-thanks to my God through Jesus Christ on behalf of all of you°, that your° faith is proclaimed in the whole world.

⁹ For$ God is my witness, to whom I am giving-divine-service in my spirit in the good-news of his Son, as I constantly make$ a remembrance of you°.

¹⁰ I am beseeching God always in my prayers, if somehow now I will be prospered in the will of God to come to you° someday,

¹¹ for$ I am longing to see you°, in-order-that I may give to you° some spiritual gift$, $that$ you° may be established;

¹² and this is my prayer to be encouraged together among you°, through the faith in one another, both yours° and mine.

¹³ Now brethren, I do not wish you° to be ignorant that I often purposed to come to you° (and I was prevented till presently), in-order-that I might also have some fruit among you°, just-as among the rest of the Gentiles.

¹⁴ I am a debtor both to Greeks and to Barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish.

¹⁵ So, as in me, I am eager to proclaim the good-news to you° also who are in Rome.

¹⁶ For$ I am not ashamed of the good-news of the Christ; for$ it is the power of God to everyone who believes toward salvation, both to the Jew first and to the Greek.

¹⁷ For$ the righteousness of God is revealed in it from faith to {Or: into} faith; just-as it has been written, ‘But the righteous will be living from faith.’ {Hab. 2:4}

¹⁸ For$ the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men and against the ones holding down the truth in unrighteousness,

¹⁹ because what is known of God is apparent among them, for$ God manifested it to them.

²⁰ For$ the invisible things of him are clearly seen from the creation of the world, being perceived by the things-made, both his eternal power and divinity, $that$ they may be without defense,

²¹ because they knew God yet did not glorify him as God, or gave-thanks to him, but became-futile in their reasonings and their heart was darkened without understanding.

²² They were foolish, claiming to be wise,

²³ and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into a likeness of an image of corruptible man and of birds and of four-footed mammals and of reptiles.

²⁴ Hence also, God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts into uncleanness, to dishonor their bodies among themselves.

²⁵ They exchanged the truth of God into the lie and worshiped and gave-divine-service to the created thing contrary to the one who created it, who is gracious$ forever. Amen.

²⁶ Because of this, God gave them up to passions of dishonor, for$ both their females exchanged the natural use into the thing which is contrary to nature;

²⁷ and the males also likewise left the natural use of the female and burned in their lust toward one another, males with$ males working out the indecency and receiving in themselves the recompense which was essential from their error.

²⁸ And just-as they did not approve to have God in their full knowledge, God gave them up to an unapproved mind, to do$ the things which are not proper.

²⁹ They have been filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, greed, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, treachery, maliciousness. They are malicious whisperers,

³⁰ slandering, hateful to God, insolent, haughty, braggarts, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,

³¹ without understanding, covenant-breakers, cold-hearted, unappeasable and unmerciful.

³² Who, after they fully knew the ordinance of God (that the ones practicing such things are worthy of death), are not only doing$ the same things, but also are consenting with the ones practicing the same things.